The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.